The Feekes scale is a system to identify the growth and development of cereal crops introduced by the Dutch agronomists Willem Feekes (1907-1979) in 1941. [1][2] This scale is more widely used in the United States [3] than other similar and more descriptive [4][5] scales such as the Zadoks scale or the BBCH scale.
The BBCH-scales allow the comparison of individual codes only within one principal growth stage: an arithmetically greater code indicates a plant atalater growth stage.Sorting codes into numerical order therefore allows alisting in order of the stage of plant development.
The BBCH-scale is a scale used to identify the phenological development stages of a plant. A series of BBCH-scales have been developed for a range of crop species. Phenological development stages of plants are used in a number of scientific disciplines (crop physiology, phytopathology, entomology, plant breeding) and in the agriculture industry (timing of pesticide application, fertization ...
Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants
The BBCH-scale is a standardized international system for coding the phenological growth stages of mono- and dicotyledonous plant species, using a decimal notation to describe developmental phases from germination to senescence in a uniform manner. It enables precise, comparable documentation across crops and regions, supporting applications in agricultural research, crop protection ...
History of the BBCH coding system The need for a uniform, global scale to characterize plant developmental phases across different species gave rise to the BBCH coding system. Early phenological scales, like those developed by Troitzki (1925), Fleckinger (1948), and Baggiolini (1952), mainly focused on fruit trees and lacked a thorough examination of development phases and also utilized ...
The BBCH scale is a contribution to improve the communication between different groups of scientists and to allow the interchange of data and scientific results in a transparent way.
BBCH growth stages with illustrations and descriptions in wheat, barley and maize.
The BBCH-scale uses a decimal code system, which is divided into principal and secondary growth stages, and is based on the cereal code system (Zadoks scale) developed by Jan Zadoks. [2] The abbreviation BBCH derives from the names of the originally participating stakeholders: " B iologische Bundesanstalt, B undessortenamt und CH emische ...
A phenological scale The BBCH-scale has been adopted as an international scale to describe the phenological stages of plants. Originally developed at the German Biologische Bundesanstalt für Lans und Forstwirtschaft and published by Meier in 1997, it makes it possible to precisely characterize each developmental stage of the annual plant cycle with a combination of two digits. The tens digit ...
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