Back مملكة أرمينيا (القديمة) Arabic Reinu d'Armenia AST Ermənistan krallığı (antik) Azerbaijani بؤیوک ائرمنیستان AZB Бөйөк Әрмәнстан Bashkir Вялікая Арменія Byelorussian Велика Армения Bulgarian Regne d'Armènia (antiguitat) Catalan Йоккха Эрмалойчоь CE Arménské království Czech
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Armenia Մեծ Հայք | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 331 BC–428 AD | |||||||||||
&sq=reverso&lang=en&file=File:Map_of_the_Armenian_Empire_of_Tigranes_(English).svg) Armenia at its greatest extent under Tigranes the Great, 69 BC (including vassals) | |||||||||||
| Status | Satrapy, Kingdom, Empire, Province | ||||||||||
| Capital | Armavir (331–210 BC) Yervandashat (210–176 BC) Artashat (176–77 BC; 69–120 AD) Tigranocerta (77 BC–69 AD) Vagharshapat (120–330) Dvin (336–428) | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Armenian (spoken native language)[1] Greek Aramaic[2] Iranian languages (Parthian and Middle Persian) | ||||||||||
| Religion |
| ||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||
| King, King of Kings | |||||||||||
• 331–317 BC | Orontes III | ||||||||||
• 422–428 | Artaxias IV | ||||||||||
| Historical era | Antiquity, Middle Ages | ||||||||||
• Satrapy of Armenia is formed | c. 533 BC | ||||||||||
• Reign of Orontes III begins | 331 BC | ||||||||||
| 63 AD | |||||||||||
| 301 AD | |||||||||||
| 387 AD | |||||||||||
• Last Arsacid king of Armenia deposed | 428 AD | ||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||
| c. 70 BC[4] | 900,000 km2 (350,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| c. 300 AD[5] | 311,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||
• c. 70 BC[4] | 10,000,000 | ||||||||||
• c. 300 AD[5] | 4,000,000 | ||||||||||
| Currency | Taghand[citation needed] | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| History of Armenia |
|---|
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| Timeline • Origins • Etymology |
Armenia, also the Kingdom of Greater Armenia,[6] or simply Greater Armenia or Armenia Major (Armenian: Մեծ Հայք Mets Hayk;[7] Latin: Armenia Maior) sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire, was a kingdom in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD. Its history is divided into the successive reigns of three royal dynasties: Orontid (331 BC–200 BC),[8][9] Artaxiad (189 BC–12 AD)[10][11][12] and Arsacid (52–428).[13]
The root of the kingdom lies in one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia called Armenia (Satrapy of Armenia), which was formed from the territory of the Kingdom of Ararat (860 BC–590 BC) after it was conquered by the Median Empire in 590 BC. The satrapy became a kingdom in 321 BC during the reign of the Orontid dynasty after the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great, which was then incorporated as one of the Hellenistic kingdoms of the Seleucid Empire.
Under the Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC), the Armenian throne was divided in two—Greater Armenia (state) and Sophene—both of which passed to members of the Artaxiad dynasty in 189 BC. During the Roman Republic's eastern expansion, the Kingdom of Armenia, under Tigranes the Great, reached its peak, from 83 to 69 BC, after it reincorporated Sophene and conquered the remaining territories of the falling Seleucid Empire, effectively ending its existence and raising Armenia into an empire for a brief period, until it was itself conquered by Rome in 69 BC. The remaining Artaxiad kings ruled as clients of Rome until they were overthrown in 12 AD due to their possible allegiance to Rome's main rival in the region, Parthia.
During the Roman–Parthian Wars, the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia was founded when Tiridates I, a member of the Parthian Arsacid dynasty, was proclaimed King of Armenia in 52. Throughout most of its history during this period, Armenia was heavily contested between Rome and Parthia, and the Armenian nobility was divided among pro-Roman, pro-Parthian or neutral factions. From 114 to 118, Armenia briefly became a province of the Roman Empire under Emperor Trajan. The Kingdom of Armenia often served as a client state or vassal at the frontier of the two large empires and their successors, the Byzantine and Sassanid empires. In 301, Tiridates III proclaimed Christianity as the state religion of Armenia, making the Armenian kingdom the first state to embrace Christianity officially.
In 387, Armenia was partitioned into Byzantine Armenia and Persian Armenia. The last Arsacid king of Armenia was deposed in 428, ending independent Armenian statehood until the emergence of Bagratid Armenia in the 9th century.
- ^ Lang 1970, p. 126.
- ^ Canepa 2020, p. 101.
- ^ Curtis 2016, p. 185; Boyce 1984, p. 84; de Jong 2015, pp. 119–120, 123–125; Russell 1987, pp. 170–171, 268
- ^ a b Manaseryan, Ruben L. [in Armenian] (2022). "Տիգրան Մեծի անձի և գործունեության գնահատականի շուրջ" (PDF). Vem: 39. doi:10.57192/18291864-2022.3-33.
Հայոց արքայի իշխելը 10 միլիոն բնակչություն ունեցող 900.000 կմ² տարածքի վրա
- ^ a b Yeremian, Suren (1984). Հայ Ժողովրդի Պատմություն, Հ. 2. [History of the Armenian People. Vol. 2] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences. p. 144.
Այս ժամանակաշրջանում ամբողջ հայկական պետությունը, որի տարածքը 311 հազար քառ. կմ էր՝ մոտ չորս միլիոն ազգաբնակչությամբ...
- ^ "Kingdom of Greater Armenia". Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ^ Adontz, Nicolas (1970). The Reform of Justinian Armenia. Lisbon: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. p. 310.
- ^ Mach Chahin (2001). Kingdom of Armenia. Surrey: Routledge. p185–190.
- ^ "Armenia – Geography & History". britannica.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
- ^ "Artaxias | king of Armenia". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
- ^ "Tigranes II The Great | king of Armenia". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
- ^ "Artavasdes II | king of Armenia". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
- ^ Maranci, Christina (2018-10-12). The Art of Armenia: An Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-026900-5. Archived from the original on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2022-07-18.