Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynasty

Byzantine Empire
1059–1081
The Byzantine Empire in 1081 before the coronation of Alexios I
The Byzantine Empire in 1081 before the coronation of Alexios I
CapitalConstantinople
Common languagesGreek, Armenian, Aromanian, Old Bulgarian, South Slavic languages
Religion
Greek Orthodox Church
GovernmentBureaucratic semi-elective monarchy
Emperor 
• 1059–1067
Constantine X Doukas
• 1071–1078
Michael VII Doukas
History 
• Abdication of Isaac I Komnenos
1059
• Coronation of Alexios I
1081
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty
Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty
Sultanate of Rum
Danishmendids
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Grand Principality of Serbia
Gold histamenon of Emperor Constantine X Doukas (r. 1059–1067).

The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the Doukas dynasty between 1059 and 1081. There are six emperors and co-emperors of this period: the dynasty's founder, Emperor Constantine X Doukas (r. 1059–1067), his brother John Doukas, katepano and later Caesar, Romanos IV Diogenes (r. 1068–1071), Constantine's son Michael VII Doukas (r. 1071–1078), Michael's son and co-emperor Constantine Doukas,[1][2] and finally Nikephoros III Botaneiates (r. 7 January 1078 – 1 April 1081), who claimed descent from the Phokas family.

Under the rule of the Doukids, Byzantium was fighting a losing battle against the Seljuk Turks, losing most of its remaining possessions in Asia Minor following the catastrophic defeat at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 and the following civil war after the death of Romanos IV Diogenes. Byzantium also incurred substantial loss of territory in the Balkans, to the Serbs, as well as losing its final foothold in Italy, to the Normans.

Although the Crusades gave the empire a temporary respite during the 12th century, it never recovered fully and eventually entered its period of fragmentation and terminal decline under the pressure of the Ottomans in the late medieval period.

In 1077, Alexios Komnenos, then a general, married Irene Doukaina, the great-niece of Constantine X. His marriage to a Doukaina made him senior to his elder brother Isaac, and it was Doukai financial and political support that largely facilitated the successful coup that brought him to the throne.[3]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference ODB655 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference EHW5.1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Krsmanović 2003, Chapter 5.4.